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人工智能与人类“抢岗位”？专家：这几类工作不易被AI“插队”_我的网站

一 |     【环球网报道 记者 陈全 实习生 邱梓凡】据英国《卫报》近日报道，随着人工智能加速发展，如何避免所在职业被人工智能取代成为初入职场年轻人面临的现实问题。多位来自医疗、教育、法律、酒店、建筑和金融等行业的专家在接受采访时表述，AI可能会在短时间内改变部分岗位的工作方式，但无法完全取代人类从事这些工作。    

    Container ships, gantry cranes and container yards are seen at the HHLA Container Terminal Burchardkai and the EUROGATE Container Terminal in Hamburg, Germany, on August 5, 2026. Photo: VCG
German exports to China fell year-on-year in the first half of 2026, pointing to a deeper restructuring of bilateral trade as China moves up the manufacturing value chain, Chinese analysts said. They also cautioned that the decline should not be read as diminishing China's importance to German businesses, given the deep economic ties and the continued benefits of cooperation for both sides.
Germany's first-half exports to China fell by more than 12 percent year-on-year to just under 37 billion euros ($43 billion), while imports from China rose 8.9 percent to 91.8 billion euros, according to data from Germany Trade & Invest (GTAI) cited by Reuters on Sunday. Germany's trade deficit with China widened to about 55 billion euros from 40 billion euros a year earlier, the report said.
Reuters cited Corinne Abele, GTAI's East Asia expert, as pointing to weaker domestic demand and the fact that German companies are increasingly producing inside China.
Commerzbank economist Vincent Stamer said that China's diminishing reliance on Germany showed that the country is becoming more independent of Western powers and catching up technologically, according to Reuters.
China has continued to strengthen its capabilities in sectors including new-energy vehicles, artificial intelligence and advanced manufacturing, enabling more products and technologies that previously depended on imports to be supplied domestically, Zhao Junjie, a senior research fellow at the Institute of European Studies at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times on Sunday.
"This means the structure of China-Germany trade is changing," Zhao said, noting that as Chinese industries move up the value chain, China's reliance on some German industrial products is declining, while Chinese companies are becoming more competitive in sectors where German manufacturers traditionally enjoyed strong advantages.
In a position paper released on July 28, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) said that the rapid growth of China's modern industries is driven by innovation, with nationwide research and development (R&D) spending growing by an average of 10 percent annually during the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25) period. 
The changing trade trend is also linked to Germany's own industrial competitiveness and policy environment, Zhao said, noting that high energy costs, demographic pressures and slower investment in some emerging technologies have weighed on the country's industrial upgrading and innovation.
At the same time, political and security considerations have increasingly shaped Germany's economic policy toward China, as Berlin has moved closer to the broader US and EU "de-risking" agenda, Zhao said. 
"Such policies can be a double-edged sword, raising costs for German companies in China and disrupting bilateral economic cooperation while seeking to pressure Chinese industries."
However, it is notable that overall China-Germany trade remained substantial. Total bilateral trade exceeded 128 billion euros in the first half, about 3 billion euros more than Germany's trade with the US, according to Reuters. 
China overtook the US as Germany's top trading partner in 2025 after US President Donald Trump launched sweeping protectionist tariffs that weighed on German exports to the US.
Falling German exports should not be seen as diminishing China's importance to German businesses, especially as bilateral ties are increasingly expanding beyond trade into investment, local production and R&D, analysts said.
German companies invested more than 7 billion euros in China in the first 11 months of 2025, up 55.5 percent from 4.5 billion euros in 2024 and 2023 and hitting a four-year high. German companies are bulking up their China business and adopting "China for China" production strategies partly to reduce exposure to possible tariffs and export restrictions, according to Reuters. 
Major German companies are also deepening their presence in China. BASF's Verbund site in Zhanjiang, South China's Guangdong Province went fully operational in March with an investment of 8.7 billion euros, the largest single investment project wholly owned by a German enterprise in China, the Xinhua News Agency reported.
"China and Germany have developed deeply intertwined economic interests over many years," Zhao said. Rather than treating stronger Chinese industries as a reason to reduce cooperation, Germany should adapt to a relationship in which competition increasingly coexists with investment, innovation and industrial collaboration, he noted.
Recent high-level exchanges have also underscored the importance both sides attach to economic ties. During a meeting with German Economy Minister Katherina Reiche in May, Chinese Vice Premier He Lifeng said that China and Germany are important economic and trade partners with a solid foundation, enormous potential and strong complementarity, calling on both sides to consolidate cooperation in traditional sectors and tap opportunities in emerging fields, according to the Xinhua News Agency.
Reiche said that the German business community remained confident about China's economic prospects and innovation capabilities and would continue to deepen cooperation, Xinhua reported.
The two sides have also moved to strengthen institutional mechanisms. China and Germany agreed to restart the China-Germany Joint Economic Committee and establish two new working groups on trade and investment and industrial cooperation, according to the MOFCOM.
。对此，专家建议称，选择涉及专业判断、人际互动、照护服务、创意表达和动手实践等方面的职业，可有效降低被AI取代的风险，从而拓宽未来职业发展空间。         图片来源：视觉中国          专家指出，受AI影响较大、且容易被其取代的职业往往具有工作内容高度标准化、过于依赖表格记录与文档处理功能等共同特征。在医疗行业中，医疗秘书、药房支持、处方处理和呼叫处理团队等符合以上特征的岗位可能会最先被AI所取代；而涉及到对患者安全和治疗方案负责的岗位，如医生、护士、药剂师和其他有处方权的临床人员则很难被AI替代。英国奥什克药房（Oushk Pharmacy）联合创始人、主管药剂师希拉·马利克（Hira Malik）表示，AI可以帮助医师整理信息并提示可能潜在的风险，但它不能代替医师决定某种治疗是否安全或适合每一名患者。整形与重建外科医生里亚兹·阿加（Riaz Agha）同样认为，一些高度个性化的医疗服务同样难以完全被AI取代。他同时建议称，未来从业医师应学会正确使用AI并充分理解其优势和局限，以适应AI对这一行业带来的变化。         银行和金融业部分岗位也同样面临这一问题。彭博行业研究（Bloomberg Intelligence）高级银行业分析师托马什·诺策尔（Tomasz Noetzel）表示，与医疗行业类似，银行与金融企业中呼叫中心、客户服务、中台运营、零售网点和IT支持等涉及大量重复性任务的岗位容易受到AI影响并逐渐被其取代；而数据科学家、AI工程师、软件开发人员等技术和数据相关岗位则受到的影响较小。诺策尔认为，几乎没有银行岗位会不受AI影响，但高度依赖专业判断的岗位，如研究分析师、合规和监控分析师、风险建模专家、内部审计师等会相对更具有韧性，也更容易为从业者提供未来发展空间。

二 |          除上述两个行业外，教育和早教领域同样被认为具有较强“人类属性”从而无法被AI完全替代。专家表示，在教育领域，AI同样可能会涉足行政和常规教学辅助工作，但很难取代教师与学生之间的信任关系。

三 | “从职业选择角度来看，成为教师是一个很好的选择。学生总是需要值得信任的成年人际关系来帮助他们学习。”牛津大学代际成功实验室（Generational Success Lab）创始人沙拉斯·吉万（Sharath Jeevan）认为。此外，儿童照护领域也被视为AI较难接管的领域。儿童照护机构蒂尼（Tiney）创始人布雷特·威格多茨（Brett Wigdortz）表示，虽然AI可以支持沟通和组织工作，但家长“更希望由一个真人来照顾他们的孩子”，而非冰冷的电脑程序。随着未来托育需求持续存在，儿童看护、托儿所管理、高端保姆和家教等岗位仍拥有强劲的市场需求和较好的收入潜力，为人们提供保持高需求、高灵活的就业机遇。         专家还指出，AI同样也会法律业初级岗位产生复杂影响。随着AI降低法律服务成本，律师助理和初级律师等承担了文件审查、起草初稿、整理资料和填写表格任务的岗位在一定程度上会受到AI冲击，但着也将为这些岗位从业者带来另一种机遇。来自英国线上法律服务公司法律蜂巢（Lawhive）的皮埃尔·普罗纳（Pierre Proner）分析，初级法律岗位在人工智能时代并不会消失，只是其工作内容可能会产生一定变化。

四 | 初级律师可能不用再将时间花在重复性的法律和行政工作上，而是能更早接触法律判断、客户沟通以及对AI生成结果的监督任务。英格兰及威尔士律师协会副会长布雷特·迪克森（Brett Dixon）评价称，这一改变将会为初级律师创造更多的时间和机会，从而使其获得深入思考复杂法律问题的能力。不过，普罗纳也提醒称，法律行业未来面临的挑战之一，是当传统初级任务被AI接管后，法律机构如何重新设计从初级律师到高级律师的成长路径。他认为当下对于法律毕业生而言，熟练掌握AI应用可能会和过去会用Word和Excel等办公软件一样重要。         酒店业专家也强调称，AI无法取代酒店高质量服务中的人际连接。葡萄牙诺瓦商学院威斯蒙特旅游与酒店研究所（The Westmont Institute of Tourism and Hospitality at Nova School of Business and Economics）学术主任格雷厄姆·米勒教授（Prof.Graham Miller）表示，AI可以通过处理邮件回复等后台任务的方式，让员工把更多精力放在与客人面对面沟通中，从而为客人提供真正温暖、周到、有人情味的服务。他还强调称，酒店内一些具有创意性的岗位，如主厨等受到AI影响较小，而重复性较强的餐饮操作，例如翻汉堡、制作披萨等，未来可能更容易被自动化取代。

五 | 换言之，AI可能不会淘汰所有服务岗位，但会提高对从业者“真正创造力”和“真实体验感”的要求。最后，对于土木及建筑行业而言，砌砖、木工和抹灰等动手型岗位因其技能壁垒从而免受AI冲击，并将继续为社会提供长期职业机会；而相比之下，土木行业中规划、估算等白领和行政岗位，则可能更早被AI替代。英国建筑大师联合会（Federation of Master Builders）首席执行官布莱恩·贝里（Brian Berry）呼吁，随着熟练技工岗位在AI时代展现出愈发强力的韧性，当今社会对技工职业的认知应有所改变。“调查显示，目前只有47%的父母会建议孩子从事建筑行业。而随着建筑行业在AI时代提供了一条有回报、面向未来的职业路径，我们也希望将有更多人考虑从事这一方面的职业。”贝里表示。

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Published on:03:18:03